Ebay free essay sample

What are the best chances and dangers existing in eBays current outer condition? In the current outer condition the online deals are as yet a development industry there are a few open doors for ebay, the genuine worldwide financial emergency it could be an open door due the joblessness and the lessening in the force buying equality and home loan emergency produces two impacts, first the purchasers are search for limits, and second the venders by this channel could increments. The significance of the Latin outsiders in the US it turns as another market specialty, whose are increasingly acclimated with the web culture and are searching for their local items through this channel. There is a chance to investigate new markets, due EBay’s experience and the virtual stage they could attack in new markets, for example, creating nation, enhancing in new advances. Then again there are a few dangers to break down, the worldwide emergency it could be also a danger on the grounds that there is an abatement of purchasers. This permitted them to enter new market spaces and pull in a scope of clients. The organization additionally extended globally and have been effective in certain markets. eBay was viewed as an innovator in every one of its market with the aside from of Japan and China. eBay’s first endeavor into China’s showcase was through the securing of a Chinese online closeout organization, Eachnet. They incorporated their worldwide methodology stage to Eachnet’s Chinese tasks, basically changing how the site initially worked. From that point forward, the organization has lost the greater part of their piece of the pie to nearby contender Taobao. Following quite a long while eBay then chose to band together with Beijing-based Tom Online. This showed eBay neglected to adjust to nearby needs and effectively rival China’s online closeout showcase pioneer, Taobao. This shows eBay neglected to make a network impact in China as they did with their other worldwide markets through their worldwide stage. When eBay procured Eachnet, their administration was running on a worldwide stage in San Jose, CA. Any choices or highlights to make for China’s market would take more time to actualize. This made an absence of adaptability and adjustment the Chinese market and they can't react to changes in the economic situations and needs immediately contrasted with their neighborhood rivalry. A potential answer for eBay to effectively contend in China’s showcase is to improve their foundation with eBay Style. The new stage will execute an element which will permit clients to speak with one another by means of texting. This has demonstrated to be powerful with their adversary Taobao and it will permit the clients to associate with each other and make esteem and a feeling of network in China’s advertise, which eBay already couldn't make. It will likewise improve the time it takes for clients to buy things from each other on their foundation. Another answer for eBay is to build up joint endeavors and accomplice more with neighborhood Chinese organizations to assist them with infiltrating the enormous developing business sector. This procedure will give eBay the information and capacity to adjust to the nearby needs and make brand mindfulness all through China’s showcase that they couldn't do previously. Through the acquisitions and organizations eBay will have the option to differentiate their item and benefits and build up a firm foot in the market and have the option to go up against existing neighborhood contenders. The prescribed answer for eBay is to set up joint endeavors and collaborate with increasingly neighborhood Chinese organizations so as to expand their items and administrations customized to the nearby needs and catch a huge segment of China’s advertise.

The Water Wars In Central Asia Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(32) of surface water system systems. â€Å" Water vows to be to the twenty-first century what oil was to the twentieth century: the esteemed exchange great that decides the abundance of states † . The twentieth century administered states with the bit of industry †harsh oil. Indeed, even today it is the point of convergence of universal battle, requesting a states capacity to outline both planetary political relations and the planetary financial framework. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Water Wars In Central Asia Environmental Sciences Essay or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The 21st century vows to manage states with the part of life †clean H2O. Driven by flighty conditions structures, escalated water system, and populace power per unit territories, H2O is progressively going a rare exchange great and is forming into a quickening agent of universal precariousness and battle. A representation of H2O ‘s capacity to affect a nation in the 21st century can be found in the Central Asian States, and the parchedness of the Aral Sea. The amplification of watered horticultural land zone and hydroelectric force, resolved to be the main drivers of the Aral Sea fiasco, have proceeded because of miss of community activity by the newly free regions of the part. The Amu Darya and the Syr Darya flexibly new water to the upstream areas of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan, and the downstream states Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. These states are going continuously competitory over H2O in the part, go forthing the parchedness of normal arrangements like the Aral Sea as an adequate expense. The opposition over H2O originates from the H2O serious cotton gather, which overwhelms the agribusiness in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. Cotton gives a significant outside money worker for the part and is a significant provider of business, yet requests huge totals of H2O from the part, which the Amu Darya and Syr Darya streams battle to gracefully. The aimless utilization of H2O to fuel cotton creation has been in design since the mid 1960 ‘s and is doing horrendous ecological occupations, for example, the drying of the Aral Sea, clime modification, H2O and earth salt, and H2O, soil and air contamination. Expanding neediness, rapidly turning populaces, and the example of â€Å" monetary energy † on the other hand of territorial participation by the dictatorial legislatures of part, are the elements for future strained quality, cultural precariousness, and conceivable battle in Central Asia. These advancements will be deciphered in a political monetary framework model, going from the Soviet ‘s constrained cotton creation, which is broke down in the second development of this paper. Water is a dynamically rare asset in the part that is under power per unit zone coming from financial contributions, for example, hydroelectric coevals and agrarian creation. The natural contributions of biodiversity, bettering backings of the part ‘s populace and the resurgence of the Aral Sea are underrepresented and consequently unheard. The natural corruption of the Aral Sea is analyzed in more noteworthy thing in the third region of this paper. The lack of hydration of the Aral Sea has far creation impacts in the part, affecting the clime and biodiversity. Desert air flows can ship 1000000s of dozenss of defiled sand and salt from the nation that was one time the Aral Sea, and cabin them on horticultural land everywhere throughout the part. The impacts of these contaminated sand and salt sedimentations are more distant enhanced by the hapless waste frameworks and the significant H2O logging, that have made soil salt go an expanding natural employment. Rising salt degrees have cause the nature of the part to corrupt to where numerous nations are going unwelcoming, because of the brutal descending winding powered by destitution and ecological degradation. The closing region pundits the institutional model behind the H2O bearing of the part. Foregrounding the removal from a halfway shown distribution of H2O to the Ministries of Land Reclamation and Water Resources ( Minvodkhoz ) situated in Moscow to all the more locally found signifiers of H2O heading, following the surrender of the Soviet Union. Since so it has become basic that upstream states like Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Southeastern Kazakhstan mutually assign H2O assets with downstream states like Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Southwestern Kazakhstan. New foundations have been made to oversee this technique as every twelvemonth, at the presidential degree ; understandings are haggled to specify the aggregate of H2O designated to each state. There has been little adjustment at the small scale level with the exception of in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, where Water Users ‘ Associations ( WUA ) have been built up. In both Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, both significant customers of H2O, the cardinal designation and course of H2O is as yet polished without neighborhood changes. The â€Å" utilization it or lose it † rule, the aftereffect of the Soviet ‘s halfway arranged H2O portion designs, are still in design because of the inadequacy of faces thwarting the maltreatment or actuations propelling the protection of H2O. The proceeded with ingestion of H2O at ebb and flow degrees, combined with the low effectiveness proportions before long rehearsed, will take to expanded degrees of earth salt and the more remote irreversible degradation of the Aral Sea bowl. In a partitioned Central Asia stricken with a falling apart condition, the scarceness of H2O has lead to expanded tensenesss and may, given clasp, lead to genuine battle. Numerous in the part accept that course to H2O is â€Å" God-Given, † which adds to the neighborhood specialists ‘s lack of solid activity against the present scarceness going up against the part, that is itself semisynthetic. Simply diminished and increasingly effective ingestion of H2O in Aral Sea bowl administered by proficient small scale and large scale associations, combined with interregional collaboration, would have the option to come on the part to a maintainable in the future. The Soviet ‘s Management of Water The previous Soviet Central Asia comprises of essentially steppes and comeuppances. This condition had generally constrained the advancement of states and the join toing agribusiness to desert gardens, took care of by streams or subterranean stores known as springs. Soviet guideline changed this, with constrained collectivisation. A great part of the customary strategies for reasonable trimming structures were persuasively modified to huge scope singular reap techniques that necessary a H2O course base made out of surface water system frameworks. You read The Water Wars In Central Asia Environmental Sciences Essay in classification Exposition models Locales like the Fergana Valley that were flooded and had some expertise in cotton as a hard cash collect, had an extensive relative preferred position over nations non bring forthing â€Å" white gold † . In the mid 1960 ‘s Moscow paid heed to this near bit of leeway and started to make a semi monoculture, transforming Cardinal Asia into a characteristic stuffs maker for the texture enterprises of the more cardinal Soviet Union. Cotton quickly turned into the life-bread of the external agronomically based Soviet majority rule governments, a crucial exchange great their political monetary frameworks. This designed development is delineated by the area of Uzbekistan, which became one the biggest cotton bring forthing states known to man. The achievement or disappointment of cotton started to arrange the fate of political elites in the Soviet Socialistic Republics ( SSRs ) , which lead to broadened corruptness, for example, the over and underreporting of cotton creation an d the constrained association of work to upgrade cotton creation. These degenerate examples without further ado became basiss of Uzbek, Tajik, and Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republics ‘ monetary frameworks and the horticultural business of the part. As the creation of cotton in the Central Asiatic part expanded rapidly, the interest for H2O got hopeless, because of the clime ‘s agrarian inhospitality and interest for water system. Water, at the clasp, appeared to be bounteously provided by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya and lead to the structure of extraordinary channels like the KaraKum waterway, extending in excess of 1,100 kilometer from the Amu Darya to Turkmenistan. The cragged nations of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan are the get bringing down point for the two streams, which are for the most part devoured by the horticulturally requesting nations of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. This division among upstream and downstream states and the subsequent differential dish is one of the central reasons for strained quality refering H2O use in the part. The moneymaking broadening of cotton land zone, best delineated by Uzbekistan, made a rapidly expanding interest for agrarian water system, and started straying mass proportions of H2O to give it. In Uzbekistan cotton ‘s augmentation was uncommon, spread trip from a finished result of 441,600 hectares in 1913, to 1,022,600 burns from the sun in 1940, to 1,427,900 burns from the sun in 1960, to each piece much as 2,103,000 burns from the sun in 1987. In Uzbekistan cotton got known as â€Å" King Cotton † , furnishing a previously uncovered state with an extraordinary hard money reap and gave work to the greater part of its residents. The Uzbek ‘s prospering cotton industry had one deadly imperfection: it depended entirely on the handiness of H2O, in a section missing bounteous H2O. The productivity of H2O utilize was least because of a hapless base trusting on unlined and uncovered trenches, where departure is profoundly high, with the heft of H2O either dissipating or overflowing into the land. These wasteful H2O bearing examples lead to a reducing whole of H2O truly making the Aral Sea, and by the 1960 ‘s the entirety of H2O making the Aral Sea

Wal-Mart Strategy

Wal-Mart Strategy Wal-Mart Home›Marketing Posts›Wal-Mart Marketing PostsThe Wal-mart benefits package has challengesThe Wal-mart benefit packages have some challenges. The limited-risk initiative has been difficult to implement due to many stakeholders involved. Realigning requirement eligibility and suitability in order to improve productivity has been the greatest challenge. This imitative was meant to motivate employees however; it has never yielded any fruits because it has increased costs of operation instead of reducing. In addition, the retirement benefit package has not helped the retiring employees because it has not been structured the way it is required (Birchard Marquard, 2007, p. 42).The top management has not managed to use the employee benefit packages to motivate employees to improve their productivity. The redesign benefits that are meant to improve the image and reputation of the company has not implemented as expected. The employees are not satisfied. Therefore, the greatest c hallenge is the lack of implementation and lack of cooperation among the employee, top management, and other stakeholders such as the government and the insurance companies (Brunn, 2006, p. 83).Strategies benefit packages other organizations have utilized to improve participation and see returns on their investmentsThe benefits packages that other organizations have utilized are the human resource benefit package, retirement benefit package, and redesign package. The retirement benefit package has motivated many employees to improve their performance in the organization. It has reduced employee high rate turnover. This is because most employees want to benefit from the retirement scheme that the organization has introduced. The employees in these organizations participate in all activities because they feel they are part of the organization. They feel they are recognized and respected because they are satisfied with the benefit packages of the organization. If employees are paid the ir salaries in time, promoted on merit, and trained and developed continuously, then they are able to improve their performance in the organization. This has been utilized by the organizations that have utilized these benefit packages (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p. 123).Employees feel free and work hard to achieve the set goals and objectives of the organization. Most organizations have in realized increased returns from their investment because of they are committed and dedicated at the work place. Investment returns are crucial in every organization because aims at maximizing their returns from the investment they made. Wal-mart should adopt such strategies if it wants to reduce employee turnover because it will increase its returns. These benefits are essential because it will reduce cost of recruiting new employees in the organization; hence, maximizing profits (Birchard Marquard, 2007, p. 45).Strategy that Wal-mart should follow to address its benefit challengesThe strategy that Wal-mart should adopt is the human resource redesign strategy. This strategy is significant because it will help address the challenges the organization is facing. Employees determine the success or failure of the organization. Therefore, employees should be motivated by increasing their salaries, allowances, training them, and assigning them responsibilities depending on their experience, and qualification (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p. 125). If employees’ future is assured their retirement benefits, they will make sure the goals and objectives and goals of the organization are reduced. Employees should be promoted on merit based on performance and qualifications. The human resource management should ensure this strategy is implemented in the organization if they want improve on the performance of the organization and to reduce the high rate of employee turnover (Brunn, 2006, p. 86).This strategy is crucial because it is the pillar of the organization’s success or failure. It mo tivates employees because they will feel part of the organization. Wal-mart has resources to implement this strategy. The top management should be compelled to implement this benefit strategy if they want to realize improved performance (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p. 127).Impediments to this strategy and contingency plans that should be consideredThe major impediment with this strategy is that it requires many financial resources to implements it. This strategy can lead to significant improvement at Wal-mart if only the top management will adopt it for the success of the organization. Though it will consume many resources, the management should consider allocating substantial resources for the organization to gain competitive advantage. The other impediment is the lack of resources and commitments from those who are suppose to implement (Birchard Marquard, 2007, p. 47).The top management lack focus and vision that will help the organization adopt this strategy. In addition, the organ ization lack strategic managers who can formulate strategies that will help the organization adopt this beneficial package. If the organization cannot implement this strategy, it can consider training its employees as a contingency plan. This is crucial because, if employees are trained on how to serve customers and implement strategies of the organization, it can lead to an improved organization (Brunn, 2006, p. 87).Impact of this strategy to employees and organizationThis strategy will help the organization improve its services and products offered to customers. It will make the organization offer the customers quality products and services; hence, retaining and satisfying them. In addition, the image and reputation of the company will improve; hence, gaining competitive advantage over its competitors (Kotler Armstrong, 2010, p. 128).If the strategy will be implemented, employees will be motivated. This is because their issues and challenges will have been addressed. Motivated em ployees will feel part of the organization; hence, working towards achievement of the organization’s goals and objectives. In addition, it will reduce the high rate of employee turnover and failure top perform their duties diligently (Birchard Marquard, 2007, p. 49).

A Short History of the Ball of Goo Called Silly Putty

Silly Putty, one of the most popular toys of the 20th century, was invented accidentally. Find out what a war, an indebted advertising consultant, and a ball of goo have in common. Rationing Rubber One of the most important resources needed for World War II war production was rubber. It was essential for tires (which kept the trucks moving) and boots (which kept the soldiers moving). It was also important for gas masks, life rafts, and even bombers. Beginning early in the war, the Japanese attacked many of the rubber-producing countries in Asia, drastically affecting the supply route. To conserve rubber, civilians in the United States were asked to donate old rubber tires, rubber raincoats, rubber boots, and anything else that consisted at least in part of rubber. Rations were placed on gasoline to hinder people from driving their cars. Propaganda posters instructed people in the importance of carpooling and showed them how to care for their household rubber products so they would last the duration of the war. Inventing a Synthetic Rubber Even with this home-front effort, the rubber shortage threatened war production. The government decided to ask U.S. companies to invent a synthetic rubber that had similar properties but that could be made with non-restricted ingredients. In 1943, engineer James Wright was attempting to discover a synthetic rubber while working in General Electrics laboratory in New Haven, Connecticut when he discovered something unusual. In a test tube, Wright had combined boric acid and silicone oil, producing an interesting gob of goo. Wright conducted a multitude of tests on the substance and discovered it could bounce when dropped, stretch farther than regular rubber, didnt collect mold, and had a very high melting temperature. Unfortunately, though it was a fascinating substance, it didnt contain the properties needed to replace rubber. Still, Wright assumed there had to be some practical use for the interesting putty. Unable to come up with an idea himself, Wright sent samples of the putty to scientists around the world. However, none of them found a use for the substance either. An Entertaining Substance Though perhaps not practical, the substance continued to be entertaining. The nutty putty began to be passed around to family and friends and even taken to parties to be dropped, stretched, and molded to the delight of many. In 1949, the ball of goo found its way to Ruth Fallgatter, an owner of a toy store who regularly produced a catalog of toys. Advertising consultant Peter Hodgson convinced Fallgatter to place globs of the goo in plastic cases and add it to her catalog. Selling for $2 each, the bouncing putty outsold everything else in the catalog except for a set of 50-cent Crayola crayons. After a year of strong sales, Fallgatter decided to drop the bouncing putty from her catalog. The Goo Becomes Silly Putty Hodgson saw an opportunity. Already $12,000 in debt, Hodgson borrowed another $147 and bought a large quantity of the putty in 1950. He then had Yale students separate the putty into one-ounce balls and place them inside red plastic eggs. Since bouncing putty didnt describe all of the puttys unusual and entertaining attributes, Hodgson thought hard about what to call the substance. After much contemplation and numerous options suggested, he decided to name the goo Silly Putty and to sell each egg for $1. In February 1950, Hodgson took Silly Putty to the International Toy Fair in New York, but most people there did not see the potential for the new toy. Luckily, Hodgson did manage to get Silly Putty stocked at both Nieman-Marcus and Doubleday bookstores. A few months later, a reporter for The New Yorker stumbled across Silly Putty at a Doubleday bookstore and took home an egg. Fascinated, the writer wrote an article in the Talk of the Town section that appeared on August 26, 1950. Immediately, orders for Silly Putty started pouring in. Adults First, Then Children Silly Putty, marked as The Real Solid Liquid, was at first considered a novelty item (i.e. a toy for adults). However, by 1955 the market shifted and the toy became a huge success with children. Added to bouncing, stretching, and molding, kids could spend hours using the putty to copy images from comics and then distort the images by bending and stretching. In 1957, kids could watch Silly Putty T.V. commercials that were strategically placed during The Howdy Doody Show and Captain Kangaroo. From there, there was no end to the popularity of Silly Putty. Children continue to play with the simple gob of goo often referred to as the toy with one moving part. Did You Know... Did you know that astronauts on the 1968 Apollo 8 mission took Silly Putty with them to the moon?Did you know that the Smithsonian Institution included Silly Putty in its exhibit on the 1950s?Did you know that Binney Smith, the makers of Crayola, bought the rights to Silly Putty in 1977 (after Peter Hodgson passed away)?Did you know that you can no longer copy images onto Silly Putty from the comics because of the change in the inking process?Did you know that people did finally discover numerous practical uses for Silly Putty, including as a balance for a wobbly piece of furniture, lint remover, hole stopper, and a stress reliever?

Characteristics Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby

Chuck Palahniuk once said in his novel Haunted,Thats the American Dream: to make your life into something you can sell. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the protagonist is a man named Gatsby who is accustomed to the party lifestyle of the Roaring Twenties. The novel follows a group of people living in a fictional town known as West Egg and East Egg.The two towns represent old money and new money. Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor upbringing and earns an enormous amount of money only to be rejected by the old money people. No one really knew Gatsby, so people created terrible rumors about him, but Gatsby was just a man attempting to reconcile with the love of his life. Nick Carraway, the narrator of the novel said,†¦show more content†¦The Roaring Twenties was known for its parties, however, it caused a lot more trouble than a reason for celebration.The flapper was known as one of the most remembered symbols from the Roaring Twenties; a young woman with short hair who wore short skirts, and drank, this type of woman was known to go against what society expected of them. Women in the 1920s had gained more freedom at last and were finally able to vote. A big influence during the 1920s was The Jazz Age, and new inventions were being introduced rapidly. A significant conflict during the 1920s was Prohibition, and everyone was participating in the corruption of the twenties (Churchwell). The decade where World War I ended and the Great Depression started is known by many names, and people often forget that there is more to the name. In an article by Earl Rovit, he talks about the Twenties and how much has changed and whether or not there are certain distinctions between genres. In his article for Johns Hopkins he wrote, American culture shifted gears dramatically in the twenties, moving from horse and bicycle-pedal power to thrust of the internal combustion engine, even as America itself shuddered into an amazed sense of its newly legitimiz ed position of comparative strength-commercially, industrially, technologically, and militarily-in the world (116). The American Dream is associated with the Twenties, but what exactly is the American Dream? The American Dream isShow MoreRelatedExamples of Modernism in Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pages Great Gatsby Essay The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald shows many examples of modernism. Fitzgerald shows many modernism techniques like loss of control, alienation, corruption of the American Dream, breaking society’s rules and feeling restless. Fitzgerald also shows modernism through the fragmented writing. One example of a modernism technique that Fitzgerald uses is loss of control. The characters often lose control and make bad decisions thatRead MoreBehind A Warped Lens : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1631 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of freedom and opportunity, the idea that everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work and determination. However, hard work and determination can only get someone so far. Despite one’s ambitions to live out the American Dream, it is rare to see someone surpass one’s social class based purely on the desire to succeed. Instead, this social climb is controlled by those already in control of power and wealth. This correlation between wealth and social status is also displayedRead MoreEssay about F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1480 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Any American is taught a dream that is purged of all truth. 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Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management Free Essays

Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. We will write a custom essay sample on Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce. MB0027 Human Resource Management Assignment 1 Answer the following questions: Q1:Elaborate on the evolution of Human Resource Management. Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce. How to cite Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management, Papers

Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management Free Essays

Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. We will write a custom essay sample on Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce. MB0027 Human Resource Management Assignment 1 Answer the following questions: Q1:Elaborate on the evolution of Human Resource Management. Ans: Kautilya provides a systematic treatment of management of human resources as early as 4th century B. C. in his treatise titled â€Å"Arth –Shastra†. As it has been described in the book, there prevailed logical procedures and principles in respect of labor organizations such as Shreni or guild system and co-operative sector. The wages were paid strictly in terms of quantity and quality of work turned out and punishment were imposed for unnecessarily delaying the work or spoiling it. The concept of â€Å"Varnasharam† or caste system was originally based on these principles . The individuals who used to earn their livelihood by engaging themselves in activities such as teaching, sacrifices or state management were designated as Brahmins while those specializing in fighting were termed as Kshatiyas. From the 14th century B. C. to the later half of the 10th century A. D. , the relationships between the employer and employees were marked by justice and equity. As regards Indian economy in Mediaeval India, although there was a lull because of numerous foreign aggressions for around 700 years, during the Mughal rules, the Indian trade and commerce were revived. Several â€Å"Karkhanas† were established at Agra, Delhi, Lahore, Ahmedabad and various other places. The Plantation Act of 1863 makes provisions that if the workers failed to complete their period of contract, they should be imprisoned for a period not exceeding three months. Explicitly, the working conditions in the tea plantations were extremely bad. Accordingly, the workers were entirely helpless in the face of the organized and powerful European planters. In 1905, the printers’ Union at Calcutta and in 1907, the Postal Union at Bombay was established. In 1922, the indentured labor system involving migration of India Labor to other countries on contract basis was abolished as a result of a strong National movement. In the same year, the Central Labor Board was established to federate the different unions in the Bombay city and the All India Trade Union Congress was organized. It may be noted that the reliable statistics of trade union growth are not available for the period before the formal implementation of the Indian Trade Unions Act, 1926. Betw2een 1939-40 and 1944-45 the number of registered trade unions increased from 666 to 865. During period 1947-1960 industrial employment rose by 2. 8 times, the total claimed union membership also went up by 2. 3 times. In 1960, 45 percent of the total industrial workforce was claimed to be unionized. Today, the total membership is estimated to be around 4. 3 million i. e. 28 percent of total workforce. How to cite Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management, Papers