European Qualifying Assignment Arab Spring Essay

The revolutionary performances of anti-government protest and counterdemonstrations performed in the Arab World that commenced on December 17th, 2010 are well known as The Arab Spring. Violent and non-violent actions done by citizens of different nations have caused outbreaks on governments and civil wars affecting all. These disturbances originated in the country of Tunisia and dispersed to other Middle East nations such as Syria, Egypt and Libya. Due to the protest from these nations, transformations have been established in the Arab World by Western Liberalism and outcomes for the future can already be predicted by the events of Arab Spring. The emerging of several protests, known as The Arab Spring, began on December 17th, 2010 when a young graduate committed an unforgettable act of sacrifice for a strong belief. Mohammed Bouazizi, a jobless graduate, was selling vegetables in the country of Tunisia to support his family when a police official confiscated his cart for selling the m without a â€Å"permit†. (The Guardian) Immediately after, in protest, Bouazizi proceeds to the provincial-capital building to complain but receives no response. Angered by the lack of reaction from the government, Bouazizi sets himself to flames in the middle of the street (The Protester: Kurt Anderson). The rioting in Tunisian and every outbreak in many other Middle Eastern nations began from the action done by Bouazizi and the sacrifice he made for others struggling with unemployment. â€Å"The vegetable seller who sparked the protest,† (The Guardian) was used as a headline to proclaim the foundation to a plethora of conflicts that would continue for many years. Soon after Bouazizi died as a martyr, commotion provoked by the angered youth outspread through many parts of Tunisian — â€Å"Hundreds of youths [who] smashed shop windows and damaged cars.† (Reuters) Frustration and rage from the death of Bouazizi and the high levels of unemployment in the region influenced this behavior from the youth tha t resulted in various arrests. The people of Tunisian demanded political changes and economic opportunities to those who battle with unemployment and corruption. Since the graduate’s sacrifice, ten days of violent protesting killing as much as two people have been made in a nation where â€Å"dissent is  rare.†(The Guardian; Julian Borger) Despite actions attempted by Tunisian’s president, Zine el Abidine Ben Ali, such as his televised announcement made on December 29th, 2010 assuring punishment to rioters that caused the death of two and Bouazizi, and promising more occupations for others, protest still sustained. Due to the oppressive rule of dictator Ben Ali, his wife and his regime, the people of Tunisian have suffered from high unemployment, rising food prices, corruption, political repression, and no freedom of speech. The hostile regime of Ben Ali and the anger from the Tunisian people have exceeded to â€Å"explosive levels† (World Revolution 2011 – The Arabian Spring!: YouTube Video). The death of Bouazizi triggered an outrage and numerous days of protest done by unemployed and irritated people. On January 9th, 2011, protesters encountered with the police and set fire into cars in Tunisia (Arab Spring Timeline: YouTube Video). A â€Å"revolution† was arising- The Jasmine Revolution; changing and affecting everything in the country of Tunisia. Hundreds of Tunisian people would stay grounded in the streets, protesting in front of their government demanding freedom and change! Despite the agonizing pain from being beaten by police officials, arrested and even killed, the youth did not stand down until justice was served. On the date of January 14th, Ben Ali surrenders to the protests and fled to Saudi Arabia. With the removal of the Tunisian president, the hopes for other Arab nations departing from their dictatorship governments increased. On January 1st 2011, the country of Egypt became involved with protest when at least 21 people were killed and more than 70 injured in a suspected al-Qaida suicide bombing in Alexandria (The Guardian). After the explosion, hundreds of Christians and Muslims raged came to the streets of Egypt â€Å"clashing† with one another and the police â€Å"pelting each other with rocks† wrathful by the events that left their loved ones dead. Police used â€Å"tear gas† to separate the rowdy groups but this only angered them more because they were unable to express their pain (The Guardian: David Batty) . January 17th, a man burns himself in front of Egypt’s parliament in protest against poor living environments. Mass numbers of unemployed youth, lack of opportunities and rising poverty has influenced young protesters to flood the streets of cities throughout Yemen (The Arab Spring: YouTube Video). Urging the government to an â€Å"end to corruption, the creation of jobs, and implementation of democratic reforms†¦demanding  President Hosni Mubarak to resign† (The Arab Spring: YouTube Video). After 18 days of protest, on February 11th, Mubarak does step down from power and gives the government to the military (The Guardian). In March, Syria also began associating with protest amongst its people when arrests of several teenagers in Damascus are done because they dubbed anti-regime slogans into walls. Thousands have died from the unrest but those who continue to thrive are the young and out of work; â€Å"risking their lives day after day for hopes of having a bette r future† (The Arab Spring: YouTube Video). In later months, on July 22nd, hundreds of thousands of Syrians support the anti-regime movement across the country. Also in Libya, actions against the president, Muammar al-Gaddafi were done to remove him from power; which was succeed by him being soon assassinated on October 20th, 2011. Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, and Libya all had similar hardships in their countries whether from unemployment, poverty, corruption or lack of freedom. However, with endless protest done against each regime, every country was able to overthrow their dictators and have freedom. The impact on every change done to the Arab World during The Arab Spring was impacted by Western Liberalism. Western can be defined by â€Å"living in or originating from the west, in particular Europe or the U.S.† while Liberalism is defined as â€Å"a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution† (Google Web). Combined together, Western Liberalism means a reform based on the west and its values. Transformations in the Arab World have been greatly affected by Western Liberalism because the changes in the Middle East are very similar to the ways of life in the west. To explain, since the dictatorship nations have been overthrown, the countries have experienced freedom and opportunities. In Tunisia, a new president, Moncef Marzouki, a former activist is now in office after being elected by Tunisia’s constitutional assembly (The Guardian). Democracy, the ability to elect the one in power, is now present instead of dictatorship; this is the same government the west possesses. Also in the country of Syria, democracy was being used to elect the new authority on December 12th, 2011 (The Guardian). Distinctive European and U.S. Values are legal equality, political democratization and equal opportunities. As a result of the Arab Spring, in some parts of the Middle East, men and women are given equal opportunities. Jobs, stable living environments, and freedom are all  allowed in most parts of these nations. Freedom of speech and Freedom of religion are now legalized in nations were they were once forbidden. Excessive ways of expressing your beliefs, thoughts, and opinions are all authorized in countries they once were prohibited in. Freedom, democracy, and change for a new life have impacted every part of the Arab World post Arab Spring. All of these reforms have been influenced by Western Liberalism and transformed these Middle Eastern nations. From analyzing and evaluating the events that have occurred during The Arab Spring, predictions for the short and long term future can be established. Throughout every battle, originating from the outburst in Tunisia, traveling to the hardships in Egypt, to the struggles in Syria and the battles in Libya, as well as many other Middle Eastern nations, protest have successfully evolved every country into what they are today. Although conflict in every nation still proceeds, events that have already happen can mold a blueprint for future years. In Tunisia, Marzouki, the new president, is doing great things that assure opportunities for many citizens such as creating occupations for the unemployed that will lead to a growth in the economy which will be successful to the residents living there. In each country, the main goals from the protest were democracy, freedom, human rights, employment, and a change in the regime (Wikipedia). Despite that many countries are still struggling with this, all have already received it. Democracy is now the regime in each Middle East nation. Freedom and Human Rights are now being offered to the people even though it still will take more time until the crusades come to an end. However, in many countries, not many things have changed. In Yemen, little has been done since the removal of their dictator. In Syria, â€Å"a savage civil war is still proceeding with 100,000 killed and two million refugees seeking for shelter in neighboring countries† (Asian Age). Eventually, in the long term, every country in the Middle East will be at peace with its self, its people and the nations around it. It will take time and effort but with the progress happening every day, it won’t be long until each nation resolves the issues that still persist. December 17th, 2010, Mohammed Bouazizi set himself to flames and created a worldwide protest against regimes and conflicts. Violent outbreaks and disturbances against governments have occurred all around the Middle East. Changes have been made influenced by Western Liberalism that can predict the  future for the nations and the people involved in The Arab Spring.

Focus on the Learner Essay

PART 1 The students attending the pre-intermediate course are mostly Czech nationals (except one Polish student) and are in their early thirties to sixties. They all have a good level of motivation and their reasons for learning English include personal development, relocating to an English speaking country, obtaining a better job, travelling, teaching English at a higher level, and communicating with native speakers or family members living abroad. Most of them have learnt the language at school and/or university for at least 4 years (often with long breaks) and were taught by teachers who used both Czech and English in the classroom. The lessons were teacher-centred and focused on grammar, dictation and homework, leaving few opportunities for speaking practice. One student has also been attending English course offered by her employer, and also learns English independently. Two of the students are multilingual (they speak either German or French). A number of them have attended English lessons at Akcent IH in the past, which they enjoyed because they were exposed to various accents of native speakers. They prefer lessons where only English is spoken and are very receptive to CELTA teaching strategies. Students are happy to work in pairs or groups, though some would like to be corrected more often and feel they learn more when talking to the teacher. They enjoy a mixture of speaking practice and grammar work, which most perceive as difficult, but easier than listening or speaking â€Å"because grammar can be learned†. They are all eager to communicate effectively with native English speakers, develop their listening skills (difficult because of accents/talking speeds) and speaking skills (fluency, improving their  accents). The students also want to broaden their vocabulary and improve their writing skills. All students are passionate about travelling, music, dancing and sports, and actively pursue these hobbies. PART 2A: Description of error Error example Corrections Reason GRAMMAR Not using the correct proper noun when referring to a particular country It is the same in Britain or in French. It is the same in Britain or in France. Most likely a slip, though possibly student doesn’t know the right word for the country or hasn’t had enough practice using it. Omitting â€Å"-s† in the present simple 3rd person singular She drink a lot of coffee. She drinks a lot of coffee. SS are aware of the rule but haven’t internalized it yet. Probably confusing for them because the verb form only changes in the 3rd person sg. VOCABULARY Using the wrong adjective (meaning) hard luggage heavy luggage L1 interference: hard and heavy are the same in Czech (tezky) Using wrong verb (collocation: you ride a bike, but drive a car) Do you know how to ride cars? Do you know how to drive a car? Drive in Czech (ridit) is similar to ride. Student learned the meanings of drive/ride in the past but mixes them up. PRONUNCIATION Wrong sounds /ven/ / wen/ Student hasn’t had enough practice using the sound /w/, which does not exist in Czech, and uses the sound /v/ instead. Wrong sounds + incorrect word stress ? /d:pan/ ? /dp?n/ L1 interference: in Czech, word stress is always on the first syllable. Student would also benefit from drilling pronunciation to correct the vowel sounds. PART 2B: Skill 1: Listening The students handle listening for gist and specific information well if the context is very clear from the start, tasks are graded to their level and the activity is engaging (as was the case when listening to a song). Essential vocabulary must be clarified before the listening task. Because they are not exposed to spoken English outside the classroom very much and have had little listening practice in their previous learning experience, they sometimes struggle with the different accents of English speakers (natives who speak quickly are particularly difficult to understand). Skill 2: Speaking Speaking tasks work well with the group, especially if the topic is something the students can relate to (like New Year’s traditions, or their hobbies: travelling and holidays were particularly stimulating themes) and have/are taught the necessary vocabulary. Free speaking tasks work best when preceded by guided practice. At times, the speaking tasks progress slowly and students are hesitant to talk. They often stop to think about the accuracy of what they are going to say and always benefit from discussing their ideas in pairs before engaging in the activity. This has to do with their previous English learning experiences, in which skills development was neglected – they were not encouraged to share their ideas or develop fluency. PART 3 Activity 1: /v/ vs. /w/ Aim: To clarify and practice the pronunciation of the sounds /v/ and /w/ in commonly encountered words. Rationale: Students have trouble pronouncing the sound /w/. Often they say /vi:kend/ instead of /wi:kend/ or /ver/ instead of /w?r/. The sound /w/ does not exist in their native language, so they use the closest sound in Czech: /v/. I found that this error is widespread amongst the students. The activity I have chosen is suitable because, apart from drilling the pronunciation of /w/ and /v/, it encourages students to identify rules as to which of sound to use in which words. I’ve adapted the task to include some of the words they had trouble with in class. Activity 2: Summer camp Aim: To give students practice using the correct form of the present simple 3rd person singular in the context of organizing a summer camp. Rationale: Students are already familiar with the rule for forming the present tense for the 3rd person singular. However, especially during speaking tasks, they omit the â€Å"-s† at the end of the verb and use the bare infinitive form. The activity I have chosen is a speaking task, because I believe that students will benefit from practice to avoid making this kind of error in a productive task and it will encourage fluency. BIBLIOGRAPHY Millin, S. (2011, June 18) – Pronunciation problems for Czech speakers of English Retrieved from http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2011/06/18/pronunciation-problems-for-czech-speakers-of-english/

Transformational Leadership in Sianguna Highschool Case Study

Transformational Leadership in Sianguna Highschool - Case Study Example Siangua Highschool implements a leadership system wherein the all stakeholders participate through a school committee called the Site Council. The Principal acts as a facilitator. In this leadership system all are encouraged to participate and thus are given the opportunity to voice out their ideas, concerns and suggestions. This is the very essence of transformational leadership wherein "the leader must master the process that involves a whole organization in what amounts to a collective creation." Because of the need to get everybody involved, active participation cannot be avoided. Hence, with everybody given time to voice their thought, debates, and a lot of discussions ensue before plans or decisions are reached. Interviews contained in the report evidences that there are a lot of e-mails, messages, memos are passed prior to every meeting thus are just part of the additional costs that the school has to suffer. Processes are lengthened such that before a decision is reached on a n issue it will have to pass through a lot of debates and discussion. Thus by the time a decision is reached the same may be too late to pass upon urgent matters. The possible solution to hasten the process of decision making is to create small groups to address specific concerns.

Literary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literary - Research Paper Example Chopin’s sotry tells the readers about a husband’s suffocating grip on a woman’s life. In the story, the husband has not been presented in a direct negative light; rather a husband’s care and kindness for a wife ironically prove to be harmful for a wife. The irony lies in the fact that in a patriarchal society, no matter how much a husband tries to be kind like Mrs. Mallard’s husband in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, they are â€Å"the patriarchal annihilators of the women’s freedom† (Cunningham 52). Chopin does not tell her readers anything clearly about why the heroine of the story cannot explain her complacence and ecstasy at her husband’s death. Rather the author simply presents a small fragment of a woman’s life that provokes a reader to read the story as a sequel to his or her own real life. Obviously Chopin’s story will be endowed with a greater meaning, if Mrs. Mallard’s forbidden joy of independenc e is perceived in a real life setting. In a real life setting, Mrs. Mallard is like most other common women who, having no economic independence, cannot but depend on their husbands. Therefore, they are compelled to obey their husbands while suppressing their own desires (Stein 31; Deneau 211). Indeed, it is the patriarchal society that keeps them away from any self-supporting activities; that wants them to be loyal to their husband, and that punishes them and also endows the male counterparts with a power to reprimand and punish their wives in cases of the violation of the behavior codes that women are expected to follow. Also it is the patriarchal society that can confine women within the four walls of their husbands’ house. Nicole Smith refers to Mrs. Mallard’s confinement as following: â€Å"The world outside of her own bedroom is only minimally described, but the world inside of her mind is lively and well described by the narrator. The window outside of her room is alive and vibrant like her mind, while everything about her physically is cloistered† (1). In such a patriarchal setting, Mrs. Mallard is really lucky enough to get a husband like Brently who is kind and loving to her. So Mrs. Mallard know that she should not feel the joy at her husband’s possible death. Yet she cannot but feel â€Å"the ecstasy since her joy at the death of husband as an imposer of restriction is far more higher than her sorrow at the death of husband as a sympathizer† (Stein 28-9). In her story, Chopin deals with the same story of a woman’s lack of freedom in a round-about way. In contradiction to others’ expectation Mrs. Mallard senses the gush of complacent freedom hearing the news of her husband’s death. She feels sad. But concurrently she also feels the complacence at her oncoming freedom, as the narrator describes Mrs. Mallard’s joy in the following manner: â€Å"There was something coming to her and she wa s waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name† (Chopin, â€Å"Story of an Hour†). At the news of Bentley’s death, she feels the prospect of living a life of enormous freedom and joy. But since in patriarchy a woman is not accustomed to express herself freely, she fears even to acknowledge the source of mirth and ecstasy. Though â€Å"she was striving to beat it back with her will† (Chopin, â€Å"the Story of an Hour†), she fails to do so. Indeed it is her self-realization and her acknowledgement that the death of her husband and the prospect of

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example There are multiple organisational structures found both in theory and in practice. Some are rigid like public sector organisations while others are flexible like small scale private enterprises. There are many variables that affect the structure of the organisation. They include its size, age, staff, culture, geographical position and legal, commercial, social and technical environment. These factors all help to shape many organisational structures. In the basic categorisation, there are tall and flat structures. Below is the comparison of these two types. Tall Structure Flat Structure Size Usually Large Usually Medium Age Independent Independent Culture & Environment Rigid & Formal Flexible & Less Formal Geographical Position Independent Independent Hierarchy Strong Weak Span of Control Tight Loose Chain of Command Strict Loose Delegation of Authority Formal Informal Workload Reduced – Decentralised Increased Career Growth Well Defined Vague There are some other structures wh ich are combination of these two structures. The matrix structure is an example. It has different units and each one follows the tall structure independently. On the organisational level, all units form flat structure. Many organisational structures are dependent upon functional units therefore they extract the required characteristic from all types of structures. It is important to mention here that every organisation differs from other one in terms of structure. There can be variety in tall and flat structures as well. Organisational Structure of Apple The organisational structure of Apple is quite different from the ones mentioned in the literature and found in the practice. It is more like a wheel where CEO places himself at the centre. All other departments and functional units are spread around him and he the key focal of all. This structure reflects the overall leadership and operational philosophy in which Steve Jobs believed. He gave his executive team a direct access to hi mself. Through close coordination with them, he established trust and involvement. The same practise was adopted down the line and Apple won loyalty of employees. Steve’s successor disagreed with this organisational structure. His management and leadership approach is quite different from that of Steve. It is more likely that the command of Tim Cook will transform Apple into an organisational having traditional tall structure. The CEP will be at the top while the Executive Team will be next in the hierarchy and reporting to him. Since the structure is the overall design of an organisation, the functional units of Apple will become tall too. In addition to the conventional pros and cons attached with the tall structure, it is also expected that structural transformation will bring certain resistance. It is because change is naturally resisted and the employees of Apple are used to the wheel structure since long. It is also possible that command of authority may be challenged b y the employees and Apple may not expect the same performance as it was in Steve’s time. Comparison of Organisational Cultures The organisational structure influences the organisational culture. The rigid structure promotes strict and formal culture while the flexible structure is more likely seen in an informal culture. Below is the comparison of formal and informal culture that can exist in any organisation. In formal culture, the basic guideline followed throughout the

Project #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project #2 - Essay Example Dr. B identifies three main challenge areas that need to be addressed by the company: talent acquisition, compensation, and training and development. The most important problem in HR appears to be market changes that increase manpower costs. The result is that compensation is not well balanced with talent, which causes delays in the recruitment process. The company then suffers losses in terms of time schedules and workload issues. Furthermore, a lack of sufficient talent and manpower places more stress upon existing employees, with the result that performance suffers. The first strategy to handle this problem can be to implement training and development for staff as they are recruited. The compensation package can then include bonuses and rewards as staff becomes better trained. For existing staff, a bonus and reward system can also be implemented. Staff who volunteer for certain levels of training and completing these successfully can for example be rewarded by various means. This could include raises, bonuses, or other forms of reward such as holidays. In terms of talent acquisition, appropriate members of staff can be identified to help with this. Staff can for example be asked to identify potential talent in their social circles.

Do concerns for safety influence the effectiveness of the outdoor Dissertation

Do concerns for safety influence the effectiveness of the outdoor learning environment for children - Dissertation Example In practice, it has been proved that the value of outdoor learning in improving the learning abilities of a child is unique. Still, because of safety reasons, barriers are often set in regard to outdoor learning activities, a problem appearing both in the context of school and the family. Moreover, the perceptions of people on the importance of outdoor learning seem to be differentiated. For certain people, the value of outdoor learning activities is unique allowing the child and the teenager to develop his cognitive skills. For others, these activities are just part of the learning process. This means that under certain terms, the limitation of these activities would be welcomed in order to serve a need of higher importance. Securing the health and safety of children and teenagers is considered as such need. The increase of accidents and violent incidents during outdoor learning activities worldwide seems to justify such trend. ... the teachers and the parents, are not fully aware of the value and the needs of these activities. It is suggested that the increase of outdoor learning activities worldwide is initiated, despite the high risks involved, under the terms that outdoor learning providers are appropriately trained for providing effective support to the children participating in such activities. Chapter One – Introduction 1.1 Overview of the study The study aims to present the various implications of the relationship between outdoor learning and safety. Particular emphasis is paid on the effects of safety on the design and quality of outdoor learning. The improvement of the learning skills of children and teenagers has been a key challenge for educators worldwide. Outdoor learning has been proved as a key tool for facing the above challenge. However, the development of outdoor learning around the world faces significant barriers. Most commonly, the need for ensuring the health and safety of children and teenager is used as a justification for preventing the expansion of outdoor learning. The above practice leads to the decrease of the value of childhood. Indeed, it has been supported that ‘childhood is becoming undermined by risk aversion’ (Gill 2007, p.10 in Bilton, 2010, p.27). At the same time, the concerns on children safety have led to the limitation of the freedom of children to travel to school alone. In a relevant research it has been estimated that ‘in 1970 a percentage of 80% of children aged 7 and 8 years used to travel to school on their own’ (Tovey 2007, p.3); in 1990 ‘this percentage has been reduced to just 10%’ (Tovey 2007, p.3). It is clear that safety has highly affected childhood. Outdoor learning

Museum paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Museum - Research Paper Example I choose this art because of its importance among the Egyptians. The Egyptians believed about life after death, I wanted to do more research on the art and understand why they Egyptians strongly believed in life after death. Also, wanted to know why they made the coffin to Pedi-Osiris. My curiosity to know the art features made me focus on the art. According to Witcombe, the Women from Willendrof art served as a fertility idol, which includes all the female body parts that are required for a woman to conceive and in nurturing children (3). Because of the art does not have feet, Witcombe argues that is, it may have meant to curtail the figurine’s power, that is to leave whatever responsibilities had been placed on her (8). It is because the art is also seen as a carving of an ancient goddess. If one were to ignore its religious function and fertility purpose, it could only be identified as a Stone-Age toy for a kid. However, this is unsatisfactory because of its artistic ability shown is sculpting her figure. The purpose for the coffin of the priest Pedi-Osiris art was to put Pedi-Osiris, who as a priest of the god Osiris (The Museum of Fine Arts). It severs the purpose that Egyptians believed in life after death. Since it was made in the similitude of the gods and goddess, Coffin of the priest Pedi-Osiris was to protect the deceased and help him overcome the obstructions in the journey ahead, as it would be dangerous. Placing the Women from Willendrof art, its purpose slightly changed, where looking at the art describe the beauty of a woman (Dobres 740). As opposed to these days how people view a beautiful woman as being slim, the prehistoric people appreciated the body of their women. In addition, how the breasts are big can depict that the woman can fully satisfy a young child breastfeeding. I did not see it as a religious figure, but as a symbol of fertility in prehistoric art. After seeing the Coffin of the

Develop a story in to screenplay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Develop a story in to screenplay - Essay Example Mr. Yardman needs casual laborers to work at his farm. He is harvesting his maize and believe you me; he would have given you some green maize for food. Nancy: I was also not around either. I went to search for what we could eat but unfortunately, I did not succeed (The son moves closer to her, probably to â€Å"confirm† her level of intoxication. She is known for spending the little money she gets from casual work on buying alcohol and leaving the son without enough food). Andrew: Mum †¦I’m †¦. I mean your eyes are bloodshot, you are †¦ I am sorry, but I am convinced you have taken too alcohol again after last week’s drama (feeling upset). Where did you get all the money for alcohol and not for food? Nancy: (Looking away). My son, are you sure you expect an answer to that question? Okay, I will answer you. My friend Caro came to this town and bought for me one bottle †¦ err. I mean only one bottle. Don’t you see I am very stable; I’m not staggering like I did last week? Do not worry about me, I am good. Get in right there, you’ll find some food I left for you to eat (Feeling relieved, she lets out a long breath and buries her face in her hands). Andrew: (Advances into the room, uncovers the food, takes one bite and pauses for a moment) Ugh! †¦ Mum this food is cold and too salt. When did you cook it? (He proceeds to munch the reaming portion of boiled rice, and drinks water. Tired and feeling disenfranchised by his mother’s constant habit of alcoholism, poor hygiene and laziness, Andrew proceeds to sleep on a mat at the farthest corner of the room. Nancy joins him after about 15 minutes and starts talking to herself). Nancy: Everything around me is thick; to others it is tick; I am tired and sick; nothing good to pick. Perhaps with my husband I would be better-off managing this boy who eats like†¦ like ants, and needs other basic needs

To Kill a Mocking Bird Comparison Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mocking Bird Comparison Essay It is interesting how two family members can share many differences and many similarities. In the novel To kill a mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus and Aunt Alexandra demonstrate their care and love for Jem and Scout, yet differ when it comes to parenting and views on society. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra both express their love and care for Jem and Scout. Firstly Atticus has more of a relaxed and compassionate love for Jem and Scout. For instance, after the attack of Jem and Scout, Jem was frightened and Atticus was there for him, Scout said â€Å"He guided me to the bed and sat me down. He lifted my legs and put me under the cover†¦ he turned out the light and went into Jems room. He would be there all night, and he would be there when Jem woked up in the morning† (Lee, 387)Although Atticus Is a busy and tired man, he shows that he cares by tucking Scout in and watching over Jem after an eventful night. Similarly, Aunt Alexandra moves into Atticus’ house due to her concern for Scouts lack of proper etiquette. For instance, Aunt Alexandra was in the kitchen, explaining her presence to Scout â€Å"We decided that it would be best for you if you had some feminine influence. It won’t be many years, Jean Louise, before you become interested in cloths and boys.† (Lee, 170) Although Aunt Alexandra moved in with Atticus, she expresses to scout her worries and motivation to correct them. It is evident that, both Atticus and Aunt Alexandra demonstrate their love for their family in many ways throughout the book. Atticus and Aunt Alexandra show many different parenting methods throughout the novel. Firstly, Atticus treats Jem and Scout as equals. He allows them to make their own decisions. For example, Jem and Scout wanted to hear the verdict on Tom Robinson’s case: â€Å"Tell you what, you can all come back when you’ve eaten supper†¦ and if the jury is still out you can wait with us†¦ Atticus opened his mouth to answer but shut it and left us.† (Lee, 277) As a result Atticus lets Jem and Scout make their own decisions by allowing them to stay later. On the other hand, Aunt Alexandra makes decisions for Jem and Scout; she treats them like children. For example, when Jem asks Atticus if he can go to church with Calpurnia Aunt Alexandra tells him that he cannot. â€Å"Atticus, I’ll go next Sunday if it’s alright, can i? Cal said she’d come get me if you were off in the car† Jem asked. â€Å"You may not† Aunt Alexandra answered. (Lee, 181) Therefore, Aunt Alexandra makes decisions for Jem. Clearly one can see Atticus and Aunt Alexandra’s parenting methods greatly differ. In addition, Aunt Alexandra and Atticus’ views on society greatly differ. For instance, Aunt Alexandra believes that certain people should be treated differently. For example Aunt Alexandra tells Atticus that she feel that Calpurnia is not doing her job efficiently, and should let her go. â€Å"And don’t try and get around it you’ve got to face it sooner or later and it might as well be tonight. We don’t need her now† (Lee, 182) for this reason, Aunt Alexandra demonstrates the she is prejudice and racist, she wants Calpurnia fired only because of the colour of her skin. On the other hand Atticus believes that people should be treated fairly and as equals. For instance, Alexandra complains to Atticus that she feels that Calpurnia being a person of colour should be fired because she is not doing her job correctly. Atticus disagrees and says â€Å"Alexandra, Calpurnia’s not leaving this house until she wants t. you may think otherwise, but I couldn’t have got along without her all these years† (Lee,182) Thus, Atticus expresses that Calpurnia is part of the family, and deserves to be treated fairly. As a result, Alexandra and Atticus’ views on society contrast because of the way they treat people. In the novel, To kill a mockingbird written by Harper Lee, Atticus and Aunt Alexandra show strong love for their family and yet they differ when it comes to their parenting methods and views on society. In conclusion although Alexandra and Atticus are family they are more different then the same.

Plans For Introducing The Laptop Bags In UK Marketing Essay

Plans For Introducing The Laptop Bags In UK Marketing Essay Introduction Marketing is defined as, A co-ordinated process which makes the best use of available resources to present a product proposition to a target market in order to achieve objectives, and then evaluating how successfully this has been done. Peter Verwey, TMA marketing manual Philip Kotler defines Marketing as the art of identifying and understanding customer needs and creating solutions that deliver satisfaction to the customers, profits to the producers and benefits for the stakeholders. Marketing is the performance of those activities which seek to accomplish an organizations objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing a flow of need-satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client, says E. Jerome McCarthy of Michigan State University. http://www.audiencesni.com/library/lb-downloads/reports/Strategic%20Marketing%20Planning.pdf As the mission statement of Royale Company is To excel in customers world Vision: Making a difference with great quality and value for the products Values: Quality, value, innovative, service and integrity. Royal company does ensure and strive to get their vision of excelling customers world are measured in depth to the way they run their business and the way they serve their customer be it home or abroad. Royal company mission and values are also met by ensuring that they meet customers expectation with appealing, superior quality products at value for money. Marketing Environments of the UK Royal company has decided to launch a fashionable and convenient bag designed for laptop known as L bag As per the marketing study it is said that people want their laptops and phones to be functional and fashionable and there is a real crossover in product at the current market. UK market wants product to associate them with a brand image. People make choices in what technology they buy based on the feel good factor and what it says about image or personality over what it can actually do. Which is why Royal company has decided to design in different colours, for the sophisticated, the understated and the loud. As tech gets smaller, portable, part of fashionable image and essential and hence fashion industry in generally is waking up to technology. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3224441.stm There was a real niche in the market for a lightweight stylish bag that had the technology in it to hold a laptop, but also the technology in it so that if you dropped the bag, the laptop wouldnt break. As young generation in UK are finding it essential and easier to carry the laptop with them around as it is getting slimmer and lighter. With wi-fi hotspots, allowing high speed net access without wires, popping up around the country in bars and cafes staying connected on the move is becoming an important part of it. Laptops are becoming a fashion accessory in UK where people do not carry an ugly bag with a well fashioned dress. All the design that went into laptops bags was focused on the travelling businessman but no thought that now a day laptop is used by younger generation as well which would be a easy target for new product L bag. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3224441.stm Marketing Strategy: Whereas marketing strategy is a systematic approach to a major and increasingly important responsibility of management: to position and relate the firm to its environment in a way which assures its success and makes it secure from surprises Ansoff and McDonnell (1990). Every organization needs to know the market very well in order to do succeed in the business and Royal Company is no exception to this. The main features of market orientation are as follows: Customer Focus: Royal Company strives towards delivering the best products as per the needs and requirement of the customers. Competitors Orientation: In retail business Royal Company has survived and served customers for many years. Inter Functional Coordination: It needs to have excellent inter functional coordination to provide smooth service to customers. It means working together as a team. Marketing Plan for introducing the Laptop bags in UK market: In order to formulate the marketing plans as the UK market is very competitive, Royal Company must use their financial resources to create and sustain a high profile with multi level marketing campaign to raise their profile in UK and establish the idea of quality bags for laptop. Need to be innovative in the market are as follows: Business survival For better returns To take advantage of opportunity For profitability Competitive Advantage Macroeconomic Analysis is divided into internal environment and external environment. Internal environment consist of Firms own management structure, the strategies and objectives, the different departmentation within organization. The ability to serve the customer is mainly affected by the internal factors. The external factors mainly consisted of suppliers, distributors, customer, competitors and publics and also the group of shareholder. On the other tool that will be used in these areas is Porters five forces. Just as SWOT and Porter five forces is used to identify new product, services and how a business can be profitable in the market. A PEST Analysis of the industry examines the, social, economic, local, technological, national, political, and global influences to understand opportunities and threats well. Retail industry had an assumption that to some extent these factors (political, economic, social, legal and environmental) will be applicable. Political: It influences organizations in many ways. This factors can create advantage and opportunity for any new organization. They can pose restriction on duties and obligation on organizations. Royal Company has to know the political environment in UK very well such as market regulations, legislation such as the minimum wage and anti discrimination laws, trade agreements and restrictions. Economic: Retail industry is very sensitive to interest rate and also fairly recession proof. Because of September 11 events, stocks were plummeting and prices are low all time due to this the world economy have suffered heavily. However after the September 11th attack the world economy is up and the retail industry are boosting again and consumers are becoming more optimistic. An economy undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence against a booming economy. Social: There are changes in consumer taste and lifestyle present both opportunities and threats for the retail industry. People are know more thinking about the fashion and brands image which they can easily afford and have them as well. Population changes also have a direct impact on organizations. Changes in the structure of a population will affect the supply and demand of goods and service within the economy. Technical: the way a business would operate has changed greatly due to Technology. Royal Company needs to use this available technology such as the internet and other information exchange system, incorporating a multitude of software which helps to manage the business. In retail industry the introduction of online shopping via internet is now a common place for shopping. IT system undertakes the companys administration, management, and paperless operations which are monitored by the secured sever, it provides a flexible base for running the business. UK is at the forefront of technologically developed. Hence Royal Company gets an advantage of developed logistics and distribution channels already in place. One other tool that will be used in these areas is Porter Five Forces. This model can be used to good analytic effect alongside other models such as the SWOT and PEST analysis tools. Five Forces analyses five important in the determination of competitive power and these are: Buyers power: Suppliers power: Rivalry among competitors: Threat of new entrants: Threat of substitute products: Below is the diagram which describes the Porter Five Force Model: Diagram1: http://colette3010.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/5forces.jpg The Problems which Royal Company will be facing and threats of substitute supermarkets, supplier power, buyer power and the power of customer can be explained by Porters five forces. Buyer power also decides the prices in the market. If products are expensive than other products will be purchased. This mean market is disciplined which make the pricing disciplined as well and stops them to destroy the market in a profit war. Supplier power is an essential part of this model. Suppliers demand that retailers should pay them certain price for their service and goods supplied. Threat of substitution is always been affecting any organizations, however they try to ensure brand image and quality by having the best value for the products. Competitors and new entrants is also another threat for Royal Company as they acknowledge these seriously, and therefore the company always plan to improve upon developing its stores. Royal Company can determine its strength, weakness, opportunity and threats to its business by using SWOT analysis: STRENGTHS various range of products Available 24 hours a day Cash Flow Position is strong Increase turnover and trading profits Balance Sheet is strong Leading Supermarket Chain Awareness of Brand Human resources Online Shopping capability to turn assets into advantages OPPORTUNITIES Globally Developing brand alertness Forming New Markets Globalizing the Market Alliances Innovation Growth in Low cost brand Diversification Offering available new markets with advanced margins WEAKNESSES requires local awareness of customers and culture overseas brand THREATS existing New competition Raw materials prices are instable downturn in Economic Globalising the shifting market Takeover bids Low cost brands from Far-East Extremely high competition for resources and customers Product Sales Cycle: Diagram2: http://dpl.kaist.ac.kr/DM_wiki/images/d/d5/Product_Lifecycle.gif Introduction Stage: In the introduction stage, Royal Company seeks to build product awareness and develop a market for the product which is described as As Royal Company wants to enter the UK market, it has to make sure that the product it wants to launch should be according the needs and style of the UK people. Royal Company has made a market research and aspires to launch Laptop Bag in the market. http://www.quickmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ The impact of Marketing Mix is as follows: According to kotler, el al (1996), marketing mix is a social and managerial process by which individual and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with other. It is an important tool in marketing that helps a company to identify a number of variables that stimulate purchasing decisions for any product. There are 4 Ps in marketing mix notably Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Royal company has used this tool to enter UK market with launch of new product line to target people from all walks of life to puruse them to purchase the product known as L bag. Development of Product with description: L Bag: http://www.purseblog.com/images/Burberry_Denim_Messenger_Diaper_Bag.jpg Traditionally it is believed that a good product will sell itself. It become easy to lauch a product which is wanted by customer to make go along with the market and fashion trend. Basic features of L bag is that: It has a main compartment with a padded sleeve which can carry 17 inches laptop so others like 14, 15, 12.1 inche and smaller could fit in it easy. A second compartment which carries neccessary power adapters and other accessories of the laptop. It also has to be strong that it could hold the weight of laptop plus some other neccessary things. Side compressions strap A third small compartment with small sections to hold mobile, pens, credit cards, coins. Basically like an organiser. Benefits of L bag: It has special disk jackets inside where one can carry various discs. USB memory sticks holding has small pockets for it. Dimensions is 17 x 12 x 6 inches, 43 x 30 x 15 cm which can be used by commuters cause it will be smaller than the minimum dimensions allowed in flight cabin size which acoording to the new rule passed on 7th January 2008 is 56cm x 25cm x 45cm(www.bbcnews.co.uk) then even traveller could use them. Mp4 and Mp3 music Holder with adjustable strap to adjust with different sizes. Shoulder strap on the bottom has Mp4 and Mp3 controller. Contents of the bags is felt with riveted on sensitive parts of the bags. Carry a 17 inch laptop with its accessories. It is in fashion and matching the latest clothing trends It serve more than one purpose. Benefits of the L bag over traditional backpack are: Less straps hanging on the outside, which thus means less danger of getting stuck The plain shape make them smaller when empty It is quicker to get things in and out of the bag thanks to the big lid It doesnt have to be carried on the back making it easier to protect the contents from pickpockets It does not have to be taken off when reaching for its content, just swing it round. Pricing Strategies: Price is one factor in marketing mix which triggers the purchasing power for any customer. It has always been an attraction to consumers and a challenge to the product manufacturer. If prices are high then it wont sell which can be fixed by reducing the prices. http://freepresentationslides.blogspot.com/2008/09/introduction-phase-of-product-life.html Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans from Khawaja Naveed A rapid penetration strategy consists of launching the product at a low price and spending heavy level on promotion. Royal company has used strategy that promises to bring about the fastest market penetration and the largest market share. This strategy makes sense when the market is large, the market is unaware about of the product, and most buyers are price sensitive there is strong potential competition. The introduction phase starts when the new product is launched. In this introduction phase, profits are negative or low because of the low sales and heavy distribution and promotion expense. The promotion expenditures are at the highest ratio sales, which conducted to New and unknown product should be passed to customers. Induce trial of the product. Secure distribution in retail outlets. L bag is launched for younger generation in UK. As the price is very sensitive factor in marketing , it is hence important to price the product right. http://freepresentationslides.blogspot.com/2008/09/introduction-phase-of-product-life.html It is difficult to know the market value of new product hence a soft opening is recommended where u faces a small group of customers rather than the big crowd which one might not be able to handle on the first day of business. Promotional Strategies: For a marketing position to be sustained it should be linked with a promotional strategy and these are basically two promotional strategies that could be selected and these two are Push and Pull strategies. The Push promotional strategy relies on the companys sales force and its promotional activities to be able to create a consumer demand for a particular product and it aims to sell directly to the consumer without any distribution channels. The Push strategy tends to rely on high advertising and consumer promotion to be built a consumer demand for a product. Product requires innovative, creating marketing solutions in order to successfully differentiate them from competing product in the market place. One of the best ways to introduce the product in the new market with new product is through product publicity. One of the methods that Royal Company can use is through Editorial coverage which can be achieved to the maximum through newspaper and magazines. Place / Distribution Strategies: Putting the right product in the right location at the right time is a daunting challenge that involves a delicate balance of demand. Strategic distribution is a competitive advantage that accrues generally from the configuration of a distribution network ( who, what, where, when ) and more specifically, from the selection of partners ( middleman ) who intermediate between the company and the customer by performing necessary fulfillment and service activities. Royal companys distribution strategy is largely defined by its decisions on the number and type of customer interfaces. There are two fundamental fulfillment such as: Direct distribution Indirect distribution In general, both direct and indirect distributions are becoming integral to most companies retail distribution strategy. At this level, there are two types of distribution which Royal Company can select from: Exclusive distribution (retailer carries only one brand) Shared distribution (all major brands are carried) As L bag is entering UK market with new image, Royal Company has opted for Shared distribution along with other brands. Assuming denim so widely accepted and United Kingdom has 73% of the population n using denim as suggested my Global Lifestyle Monitor. http://faculty.msb.edu/homak/HomaHelpSite/webhelp/Distribution_Strategy.htm Branding: The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. Royal Company sees branding not as a measure to target market over the competition, but as a solution to the customer problem. Royal Company has worked towards branding to ensure that a good brand has been achieved which delivers the message clearly Confirms credibility Connects with the target prospects Motivates the buyer Concretes user loyalty Product success comes only with deep understanding of market conditions, real customer requirements, and competition as well as translation of that business intelligence into high quality product within the window of opportunity. Successful products are ones that meet customer needs, are innovative and that offer value. The characteristics of a new product launch strategy were found to have a significant impact on the intensity of competitive reactions. Competitive reaction is diagnosed in terms of changes in the marketing instruments of the competitors. The data show that competitors react primarily by means of price changes, product changes and promotion changes. For a sales person it just is not that easy. A few ways one can begin is to command the respect of customers so that they will see salesperson as an authority on the products he/she sell. Gaining trust: Building relationship with customers is more important than the products sold. It is essential to know the customer, listen to them carefully and explain about the product. The messenger bag functions and advantages, and let them go at their own pace without pushing. Product knowledge: Knowing the product, study inside and out, makes a sales person prepared to answer to any questions asked regarding the products by customers. Be accessible: It is necessary for customer to know that the sales staffs are available to answer any questions they may have or to discuss any concerns they may have. Or simply making them aware of the product and promotion if any going on. Market Positioning: According to Mercer, D. (2000) is defined as the location of a product (or service) relative to others in the same marketplace and then promoting it in such a way as to reinforce or change its position. The factors that are considered for market positioning are: Product should be compared with other competing products Products position- the way the product is been defined by the consumers on their important attributes Applying a simple buying process which should help the consumers to categories the products according to their needs Segmentation: Blythe, J. (2005), states the segmentation is to identify a group of people who have a need or needs that can be met by a single product, in order to concentrate the marketing firms efforts most effectively and economically. Definition provided by business dictionary.com, market segmentation is defined as Process of defining and sub dividing a large homogenous market into clearly identifiable segments having similar needs, wants, or demand characteristics. In segmentating the market Royal Company must have taken these four factors: Geographic Segmentation will take into consideration such dividing people or market into different geographical locations. The country, climate, size of a place segmented into size of its age wise population. Behavioural segementation is based on the customers need and subsequent reaction to those needs or toward the purchase of intended products. It is important for Royal Company to understand the behaviour of the buyer, as they are targeting younger generation it becomes important to have right pricing to attract customer in the market. Phychographic Segmentation: Royal Company will be segmentating people according to their lifestyles and values. Target customers interest, opinions, values, attitude and the activities they perform. Demographic Segmentation: It is refers to a wide study of the potential customers. While marketing a product many variables like age, gender, education, income, size of the family, occupation, culture and religion, language and nationality are taken into account. This segmentation can help and has worked profitably. It play an important and vital role in determining whether a product can be mass marketed or designed for specific group. In UK Number of Males under 16 in 2007 was 5,895,000 and between 16 24 in 2007 was 3, 788,000. In UK Number of Females under 16 in 2007 was 5,615,000 and between 16 24 in 2007 was 3,580,000. In 2007, the majority of people in many non white ethnic groups living in Great Britain described thier identity as British, English, Scottish or Welsh. This included almost nine in ten (87%) people from Mixed group, 85% of people from Black Caribbean group and eight in ten from Pakistani and Bangladeshi groups ( 80% and 78% respectively). Royal Company has decided to launch it new product in LONDON as the total population of London: Males 3,738,000 in 2007 Females 3,819,000 in 2007 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/Social_Trends39/Social_Trends_39.pdf http://www.buzzle.com/articles/market-segmentation-strategy.html Market Positioning: According to Mercer, D. (2000) is defined as the location of a product (or service) relative to others in the same marketplace and then promoting it in such a way as to reinforce or change its position. The factors that should be considered for market positioning are: Launch product should be compared with other competing products. Product position is the way the product is been defined by the consumers on their attributes. Applying a simple buying process which should help the consumers to categories the products according to their needs. Implementation of Marketing Strategy There are different marketing strategies that may differ depending on the different situation of the business. Benefits and costs of Marketing strategy: It depends on the kind of research conducted, targeted market, goals and aims of an organization methods and tools used for market research. A marketing startegy helps compile marketing goals and actions into a cohesive whole. In the same way different ways of strategy such as advertising, channel marketing, promotion can be elaborated. Marketing startegies are interative and dynamic in itself. Royal company would be focusing its energies and resources on course of action which can lead to increased sales and target market niche. Royal Companys marketing strategy has deeply constructed and combined product development, promotion, distribution, pricing and other elements, identified its marketing goals. It hasexplained how they will achieve and had determined the choice of target market between age group of 16-24 mainly which are younger generation. Basic implementation of marketing strategies includes: Target audience Key element Implementating ( Launching the product ) http://www.bnet.com/cp/implementing-a-marketing-strategy/66491 Recommendation for Royal Company for new product launch of L Bag for laptop: The ability to bring superior and unique product to market in a cost effective manner is the secret for good business performance and growth. Growth is pressurized by high levels of competition, shorter product lifecycles and ever changing market conditions. Company needs to have new ways to deliver value to their customers. It is important to be innovative to existing market once the company has managed to survive the market. Royal company should shorten time to market while reducing developing costs; it should adopt holistic view of the development process. One of the most critical strategic initiatives in new product introduction is: acquiring an explicit definition of customers requirement with customer and not RD vaccum. Conclusion: It is clear that perfect product launch can support business growth initiatives, superior product and effective cost management through integration of product lifecycle activities with customers. http://www-935.ibm.com/services/ch/bcs/pdf/scm-perfect-prod-launch.pdf

The Dietary Drug Xenical: A Breakthrough in Combating Obesity :: Biology Health Essays

The Dietary Drug Xenical: A Breakthrough in Combating Obesity In addition to the negative social drawbacks associated with being obese, there are several physical and health risks. Because of this, the issue of obesity has become a widely discussed topic in the United States, especially during the past twenty years. Experts have estimated that somewhere between one in every four and one in every three Americans are obese, and over 55% of Americans over the age of twenty could be classified as being overweight. This number continues to rise. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a scale that uses height and weight to determine body fat. This figure can then be compared to averages to determine if one is at risk for particular health risks. A BMI over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. The risk factors that are associated with obesity include diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, sleep apneas, and even some types of cancers. With all of these health concerns, why is obesity an increasing problem? According to the Colorado Health Net the cost of treating obesity and health-related concerns amounts to about $68 billion per year, not including the $30 billion per year spent on additional weight loss diet programs and special foods. http://www.coloradohealthnet.org./. There are many different viewpoints as to ways to attack the growing problem of obesity. Experts claim to have found an obesity gene, which explains that those who are obese have little control over it http://dmi-www.mc.duke.edu/dfc/gene.html . When the gene is altered in mice, the amount of fat stored in the body varies. Because of the newness of the research and the obvious costs associated with this, it is not a likely procedure. Even though genetic manipulation as a treatment for obesity is years away from practical application, science has attempted to tackle the problem of weight loss in several different ways. One such method uses insulin manipulative drugs in an effort to stabilize blood sugar that would otherwise aid in the storage of fat. Another method uses beta- receptor stimulation to increase thermogenesis. Additionally, appetite is controlled through the use of selective seretonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and other appetite satiating drugs. Special diets and exercise seem to be the most widely practiced method of weight loss, but with obesity being such an enormous health risk, many are seeking additional treatments.

Comparing the Reigns of Julian and Constantius Essay -- Ancient Civil

For a ruler to be successful, certain characteristics must be present in that specific person. There are many variances to the cookie-cut emperor, though they all share similar passions. For instance, while one ruler emphasizes trade routes and commercial power for expansion of their legion, another may emphasize war and destruction only to rebuild their own version of their legion in the place that had been won. Although both rulers have very different manners and ideas about how to expand their empire, both have the same wish to be fulfilled. This kind of contradiction of power and reason is very implemented into the storyline of Julian. Between Julian and Constantius, they both attempt to reform the state religion, but are at polar opposite ends in regards to what they believe in. Although both are somewhat successful during their turn as emperor, both have very distinct ways of unraveling one another's achievements. Beginning with Constantius, his rule is the foundation to the success of Christianity. By making various changes to the structure of rule and deliberate attacks on those who opposed him, the rise of Christianity as the state religion of Rome came into light. One of Constantius' very prominent strategies involved that of eliminating those who showed signs of threatening his authority. Amongst those in elimination, Julian's father, and eventually Julian's brother [who he technically did not have a close relationship with] [pp 16]. Not only did Constantious strike fear in the hearts of his people, but he also implemented bishops and those who held an office like such, into the core of the government. Constantius granted them power and luxuries that would further promote the Christian faith so the image o... ...mpire became a Christian state. Probably due to the lack of force Julian used, there left open spaces for fear to be set in by another ruler more like that of Constantius. Though a valiant effort to restore the old Roman Empire was made, the imminent fate of the empire soon takes hold after Julian's death. Works Cited Vidal, Gore. Julian. Boston: Little Brown, 1964. Print. Cook, Jeremy. "Review of "Julian" by Gore Vidal." We Are Amused. N.p., 28 Mar 2011. Web. 04 Apr 2012. . tristaprez, . "Julian- Gore Vidal Christianity vs. Paganism." Hubpages. N.p., 10 Aug 2006. Web. 01 Apr 2012. . Author Unknown. "Julian | Summary." BookRags. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr 2012. .

Indonesian Defense Strategy :: Indonesia Military Technology War Essays

Indonesian Defense Strategy A. Background Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri signed a little-publicized deal at the end of April to purchase four Russia fighter jets and two helicopters as part of a much larger potential order. The decision to buy from Russia was a subject to a United States ban on military purchases; this marks a small but significant shift from Indonesia’s current dependence on United States’ military hardware. The Indonesian military is suffering from acute lack of supplies and parts for its heavy amour as well for light equipment. The United States’ imposed embargo on Indonesia since 1999 has rendered the country’s military equipment and apparatus partly redundant, leaving Indonesia, once a military might in the South East Asian region desperately behind its neighbors. The United States Congressional bans were first put in place in 1991 after the infamous Santa Cruz massacre of pro-independence civilian supporters in East Timor. They were further tightened in 1999, fol lowing the involvement of the Indonesian armed forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) in the rampages by pro-Jakarta militia in East Timor. This is not the first time that Indonesia turns to Russia for military hardware supports, as it matter of fact, history has recorded the rise and fall of Russian armaments in Indonesia as an inseparable part of the rise and fall of bilateral relationship between the two. From late 1950s to early 1960s, Indonesia was mainly dependent on Soviet’s arms. At that time Indonesia was in campaign for the reclaim of West Papua, consequently, it needed a large number of weaponry. But United States were reluctant to sell any to Indonesia, because it did not make any sense if they sell weapons that would be used to fight against Dutch, their own ally. Soviet, on the other hand, was being kind to give arms support that would be paid in long-term and low-interest rate debt. The military equipment received from Soviet, especially for the navy, was so enormous that Indonesia became on of the sea power of Asia. But then, relationships between the two got worsen in late 1960s, and Indonesia was having a hard time in maintaining its military power, particularly to keep up with the advance of military technology. Now, almost a half-century afterward, military friendship between Indonesia and Russia revived again. In time of need, Indonesia turns again to Russia. As it mater of fact, Indonesia is facing a hard time dealing with United States’ military embargo.

Literary Theory and Criticism: Investigating Literature and Literary Study

Literary theory, literary criticism Methods of studying literature are defined and described. A section on definitions and distinctions investigates literature and literary study; literary theory and literary criticism. First of all it is necessary for us to know the definition of literary theory, and literary criticism. Nevertheless, the distinctions between literary theory, criticism, and history are the most important Literary theory is the study of the principles of literature, its categories, criteria, and the like. The theory of literature investigates the general laws of the structure and development of literature.The history of literature studies the literary past as a process or one of the stages of this process. On the other side, literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often informed by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of its methods and goals. It is also concerned with the most recen t, the â€Å"present† state of literature. Literary criticism is always interested in evaluating a literary work. But even though, these two are closely related, literary critics haven’t always been theorists.Some critics consider literary criticism a practical application of literary theory, because criticism always deals directly with particular literary works, while theory may be more general or abstract. Even though literary theory and literary criticism may be defined distinctly, they are not completely separated. It seems best to draw attention to these distinctions by describing as â€Å"literary theory† the study of the principles of literature, its categories, criteria, and the like, and by differentiating studies of concrete works of art as either â€Å"literary criticism† (primarily static in approach) or â€Å"literary history†.Of course, â€Å"literary criticism† is frequently used in such a way as to include all literary theory ; but such usage ignores a useful distinction. Literary works which have been evaluated as important can than be used to draw general conclusions on a genre. This is the case with Aristotle’s Poetics. The close relation between literary theory and criticism and the other humanities was formerly reflected in the concept of philology as a synthesizing branch of learning, studying culture in all its written manifestations, including literary works.In the mid-20th century the concept of philology suggests the affinity between literary theory and criticism and linguistics; in the strict sense philology denotes textual criticism. Even after these obvious differences, complete separation is impossible, it is inconceivable to have literary theory without criticism or history, or criticism without theory and history, or history without theory and criticism. It’s all connected. Aida Belovodjanin

China vs. american economy

China's economy will become the biggest in the world sometime very soon. According to the World Bank, the size of China's economy is $10. 1 trillion, compared with $14. 6 trillion for the U. S. , based on purchasing power parity (which adjusts exchange rates to account for the different prices people pay for goods and services across countries). But China is narrowing the gap in a hurry. Over the past 10 years, the annual real growth of China's gross domestic product averaged 10. 5 percent, compared with 1. ercent in the U. S. The Chinese economy increased at an annual rate of 9. 6 percent in the first half of 2011, vs. a rate of less than 1 percent in the U. S. America's days as top dog of global output are numbered, at best. Should we care? People from Thomas Friedman to Niall Ferguson cite the looming change at the top of the world economic rankings as a bellwether of broader American decline. â€Å"We are the United States of Deferred Maintenance. China is the People's Republic of Deferred Gratification. They save, invest, and build.We spend, orrow, and patch,† complained Friedman in a recent New York Times column. And yet having the world's largest economy isn't all it's cracked up to be†and you need look no further than the history of China and the U. S. to see that. The swelling size of China's economy may be a source of pride to the Chinese people, but America is still by far the better place to live†and will remain so for a long time. Although economists are skeptical about China's ability to sustain its current levels of growth, most agree it is only a matter of a few years before the Middle Kingdom's

How French Has Influenced Old English

How French Has Influenced  English William the Conqueror won the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and for the next three centuries, all the kings of England spoke French. During the Norman occupation, about 10,000 French words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today. This French vocabulary is found in every domain, from government and law to art and literature.Robert of Gloucester (Robert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester (before 1100 – 31 October 1147) was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England) wrote in his chronicle: â€Å"Vor bote a man conne frenss me hel? of him lute†, meaning â€Å"Unless a man know French, one counts of him little†, hence French became the language of a superior social class. French dialects influenced English also. Today we have chase, guardian, guarantee and regard from Central French (or Francien), side by side with catch, warden, warrant and reward from Norman French.The present-day vocabulary o f English is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (French and Latin). The two types are strangely blended. Whereas some titles of nobility prince, peer, duke, duchess, marquis, marchioness, viscount, viscountess and baron are French, the names of the highest rulers, King and Queen, are English. There is still used R. S. V. P. (Repondez s`il vous plait) printed on invitation cards or Messrs (for Messieurs) in everyday correspondence.Parliament, meaning `speaking, conference`, is French, but Speaker, the title of the First Commoner, is English. Town, hall, house and home are English, but city, village, palace, mansion, residence and domicile are French. French, too, are chamber and apartment, whereas room and bower are English; justice, just, judge, jury and juridical are all French, as well as court, assize, prison, bill, act, council, tax, custom, mayor, chattel, money and rent, which all came into the language before the close of the thirteenth ce ntury.The names of the live animals: ox, swine and calf are English, whereas those of the cooked meats beef, pork and veal are French. The superiority of French cooking is demonstrated by culinary terms as: boil, broil, fry, grill, roast, souse and toast. Breakfast is English, but dinner and supper are French. Hunt is English, but chase, quarry, scent and track are French. Names of the older crafts are English: baker, fisherman, miller, saddler, builder, shepherd, shoemaker, wainwright, weaver and webber.Those of more elegant occupations are French: carpenter, draper, joiner, mason and tailor. The names of the commoner parts of the human body are English, but face and voice are French. Generally the English words are stronger, more physical and more human. We feel more at ease after getting a hearty welcome than after being granted a cordial reception. We can compare as well freedom with liberty, friendship with amity, kingship with royalty, holiness with sanctity, happiness with fe licity, depth with profundity, and love with charity.

Gang Violence

Teen Gang Violence If I could change the world, I would definitely leave out the gang violence. I wonder why teens join gangs. I’ve seen some of my friends join gangs and I wonder why they joined. Did they think they were going to be famous? Did they think everyone was going to know them now and want to invite them to special events? Or did they want to sell drugs on their block and become hood rich? I grew up in the city of Blytheville, Arkansas, where a lot of kids find trouble. Gangs are becoming a growing problem in American society. More young people are turning to gangs to solve problems in their lives.When youth join gangs, they forget about their family, real friends, and even school. In Blytheville, gangs cause teenagers to act violently. When you are in a gang, you also have rival gangs that you constantly have to fight, just because you don’t want another gang in your territory. Some teens think that being in a gang will give them protection. I believe being in a gang increases your chances of being killed or hurt badly. Besides the violence that is involved in being in a gang, teens also get involved in illegal activities such as the use and selling of drugs.Gangs make you carry out illegal activities to make money. One of these activities is selling marijuana mainly. In my city, some members are big time dealers, while others just work the corners. It’s a part in my town that does a lot of killing and selling drugs. That is not good role modeling for the young people. In what shouldn't surprise anyone who has thought even the least bit about these sorts of issues, a lack of positive role models in their lives is  leading to gang membership. (ParentDish) Some children probably grew up where they saw people selling drugs and killing.They said, â€Å"When I get older I want to be just like that†. When you’re young you don’t really know the consequences of being in a gang. I never understood the meaning of ga ngs. You have to have tons of people who might have your back, but the key word was â€Å"might†. I know many people that don’t need to be in a gang. They’re in it just to fit in. That is just horrible in my book. I remember we had to read a book about gangs in high school. This book was called Gangs, Groups, Cults. It’s about a kid name Donte. He was a bright teenager who finished school and didn’t do anything after high school. So he oined a gang because he said, â€Å"Cool, but what do I do once I get out of school? You know? I did my daily deed to keep from getting thrown out of the house, but no I’m walking around the neighborhood and I don’t have anything to do† (Bradley 75). Since Donte had nothing better to do, he figured that it would be okay to join a gang. Boredom causes teenagers to join gangs, as well as wrecking havoc in the streets. Boredom can cause teens to join gangs, and so does bad parents. A lot of times wh en a kid’s family is messed up, they end up spending more time on the streets, and the gang becomes like their second family.Maybe they only have a mom and she has drug problems, or is never around or very strict on him/her. Maybe they have a dad that is never around, or is on drugs. Some kids suffer through home life with parents who are always drunk on alcohol and they don’t really know their parents. So they meet older gang members that give them money and make them feel like a little brother or even a son. According to The National Gang Center and The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, boys are more involved in gangs than girls; however you might be surprised to find out that the number of female gang members is rapidly increasing. Psychology Today) Many parents of teenage girls do not consider gang activity to be something they should worry about very much. Unfortunately, I’ve witness teenage girls getting more and more involved in gangs . Not only in Blytheville, this is occurring in the larger cities, and other smaller cities and towns as well. Gangs rely on their girl for many dangerous activities that can result in teen girls going to prison or worse. Maybe they believe she want get as much time for a crime as a male would. Teens that are in gangs are much more likely to suffer from gun violence, whether it's injury or death.As a gang member, you can look forward to at least one shooting. In some cities, many teens that were killed by guns are gang members. Most likely, they were shooting at other gang members, who will not hesitate to shoot back. According to the National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center, youth gangs have about 772,000 members nationwide, with half of them being teens under 18. (eHow) Teenagers love this life because they feel powerful, rich, and respected at a young age. They think they’re going to become rich and gang famous. The older guys that are or were in a gang are known as â€Å"OG’s†, know the opposite.I’m pretty sure they’re regretting everything like the choices they made getting into the gang in the first place back in the day. A lot of OG’s have spent their whole lives in and out of jail, and are out on the street asking for money, all because the gang life took away a lot of opportunities they could have had when they were younger. The world doesn’t need this kind of activity going on. We have bigger problems to deal with, other than killing and harming each other. Parents need to tell their children how much they love them each and every day.

My Final Report for my internship in ExxonMobil Qatar Essay

My Final Report for my internship in ExxonMobil Qatar - Essay Example The company had interest in oil and gas companies including Qatargas Liquefied Gas Company limited and Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited. In addition, it is committed to the government’s Qatarization policy, which means that majority of the employees of the company are locals. In partnership with the Qatar Petroleum, ExxonMobil works to promote maximum utilization of the gas resources in Qatar while ensuring that Qatar remains a reputable LNG exporter. The company upholds working business ethics that is a key pillar in the attainment of results. ExxonMobil has a total of ---employees, which includes both low cadre staff as well as senior management. The general manager who is also the president of ExxonMobil Qatar is Mr. Barton Cahir. Exxon Mobil Corporation’s shares as at 4th of August were trading at $ 99.23. In the current state of affairs, ExxonMobil Qatar is among the largest company in Qatar dealing with petroleum and petrochemicals. The mission of the company is to find long-term and sustainable solutions to the energy needs in the world. The company is committed to being the world’s premier petrochemical and Petroleum Company. In addition, the company is committed to promoting technologies that are energy efficient, and maximizing the use of energy. It further develops collaborations that facilitate the LNG projects in Qatar. Further, they have adopted the diversification of gas use while they have engaged in research that is geared towards the realization of solutions to the energy needs in the world. The company has developed partnerships with the state of Qatar as well as the Qatar Petroleum in providing solutions to energy needs. Additionally, the company endeavors to achieve financial success continuously and operating results while ensuring that business conduct is adhered to. With the company’s â€Å"Qatarization† approach to human resource, the company is able to employ a diverse w ork force mainly

Should the Ruler Always Keep His Word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Should the Ruler Always Keep His Word - Essay Example It is possible to present power from an unusual perspective. This task was the most relevant to Machiavelli and he managed to open the eyes of his fans and follower and the coming generations on the real essence of power, and on power of the words. In the majority of cases Princes are focused on their own interests. They are selfish and prudent; they do not care about their people at all. Machiavelli has been focused on the relevance of the ruler and the meaning of his word. Further on this paper considers controversial and challenging moments of the statement that a ruler should not keep his word. A word of a ruler Machiavelli inspires readers. They love him for sincerity, unexpected expressions, feelings and emotions. Machiavelli claims: â€Å"One ought not, of course, to call it  virtu  to massacre one’s fellow citizens, to betray one’s friends, to break one’s word, to be without mercy and without religion. By such means one can acquire power but not glor y† (Prince online). Nowadays, the majority of politicians are focused on power. They consider it as an enormous blessing and there is no doubt that even the modern politicians cannot look further than their nose. Machiavelli and his feeling of patriotism, multiplied by a possibility to exist among other politicians and clerk were the main triggers for further developments of his political ideas. Actually, Machiavelli described people as masters and slaves. A former group of people is more powerful and it is appropriate for them to take care about themselves only. Slaves, or common people, in accordance with Machiavelli, are narrow-minded and follow the laws of the ruler, like an obedient herd of ships (Bagley, 1989). Therefore, it is possible to suggest, that Machiavelli wants to describe a dual nature of a human being. There are two origins in the nature of every man: on the one hand, we choose: "What [classical writers] intended to convey, with this story of rulers’ b eing educated by someone who was half beast and half man, was that it is necessary for a ruler to know when to act like an animal and when like a man; and if he relies on just one or the other mode of behavior he cannot hope to survive" (Prince online). This explanation can be correlated with a developed system of people, i.e. Masters and Slaves (Alter, 1999). Masters know how to behave with their slaves; they impose perverted laws on them and they have no doubts that their Slaves would follow all their needs and wants. When it goes about Masters’ words or the ways of behavior, they have sharp minds and can easily choose appropriate strategies and the ways of behavior. A Master uses beasty features, turns into a lion and can easily conquer his enemies. A Master turns into a fox, when he wants to conduct his cunning laws and create traps for his Slaves. On the one hand, it is appropriate for a ruler to choose different strategies of behavior. Otherwise it is impossible to reig n. On the other hand, what can be said about a ruler if he does not keep his word? He can lose respect and trust of his people. Only a feeling of fear can prevent people from real protesting. In this case, the Prince can behave in whatever he wants, because he will get no resistance from people around him. There are many things, which are permitted for the king, but these deeds are forbidden for a slave. Machiavelli claims that there are many sins and every man

Compare the great depression and to the great recession Essay

Compare the great depression and to the great recession - Essay Example After the speculative boom of the 1920’s, Americans invested great amounts in the stock market. However, these were primarily financed through loans and almost two-third of the nominal value of stocks was represented by loans in 1929. Accelerated share prices motivated greater investment as people speculated that share prices would continue to escalate. Consequently, an economic bubble developed and the margin buying meant that investors would incur great losses if the market took a downturn. Similarly, the Great Recession resulted from speculation about mortgages and securities. It was a consequence of providing loans for homeownership to uncredit-worthy people. Mortgage loans were secured with mortgaged securities; so because of margin buying, banks were on the verge of bankruptcy when the market went into recession. Milton Friedman in his book, A Monetary History of the United States advocates that the Great depression was not a consequence of the economic cycles, tariffs o r the Wall Street Crash (Friedman and Schwartz). In fact, what thrust the country into depression was the collapse of banks and financial institutes. Apparently, the same can be said for the Great Recession. More than the actual effects of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the psychological effects deterred investment in the capital markets. In turn, business security affects job certainty so that is why a decrease in capital investment led to a decrease in consumption. However, the Wall Street Crashes did cause bankruptcies, restriction on credit, failing businesses, rising unemployment, decreased money supply and the like. Likewise, the Great Recession led to a decline in international trade, increased unemployment, and dropping commodity prices. The chain of events from significant federal spending to tax increases only aggravated both the crises. Thus, the leaders targeted the scapegoats such as the Wall Street Bankers for the crises.

Stratejik Financial Management, provide an evaluation of two projects, Essay

Stratejik Financial Management, provide an evaluation of two projects, both with five year expected lives and identical initial outlays of 110,000 - Essay Example A thorough analysis of what a business venture or investment will impart the company is one of the most important steps in sustaining profitability, maximizing company's resources, and accepting or rejecting prospective projects (Brealey et al, 2005). The payback period is regarded and widely used because of its relative simplicity. Managers prefer to use it because it is generally easy to memorize and to use (Peterson and Fabozzi, 2002). However, this technique disregards the additional cash flow which can be recouped from the project as it only focuses on the time when the whole investment will be recovered (Higgins 2005). Since the concern of the payback period is when, it does not really tell a business organization whether an investment is worth pursuing or not. Also, because of the relative view of managers on when the amount of investment should be recovered, there is no definite conclusion if project should be accepted or not. The following tables show the computation of the Net Present Value (NPVs) of the two projects under consideration. Using the expect annual cash flow, the computed NPV for project 1 is $31,740 while it is $34,200 for project 2. If NPV is only the man consideration of the business organization in capital budgeting decision, it is apparent that both of the projects should be accepted. It should be noted that using the NPV method, any project which does not yield zero NPV should be considered and pursued by the business organization. Thus, in the case of the evaluated projects above, both should be considered as they both yield positive values of NPV. 4. Explain the logic behind the NPV approach. Net Present Value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows (Keown, et al, 2005). The Net Present Value (NPV) analysis is very much different from other capital budgeting techniques like payback period because it takes into account the time value of money. In the computation for total cash flow, it also takes into account the total cash flow from the investment including the depreciation and the tax shield resulting from it. Starting from the expected annual cash flows from the prospective project, managers should assign a specific required rate of return, that is, the rate of return that the companies want to generate from the investment. This is often indicated as an interest rate. For example, if the company's rate of return is 12%, the company will only accept investments which will yield 12% or higher. This method recognizes that the value of dollar today is greater than its expected value tomorrow. Thus, all the cas h flows are discounted according to the required rate of return. After generating the present value of all the expected future cash flows, it then takes the sum of these present values. Logically, if the sum is positive, it means that the project exceeds the required rate of return. In contrast, if the NPV is negative then the project fails to generate the set return. This technique is favored by more economists and managers because it is more realistic. 5. What would happen to NPV if the required rate

MOD (Ministry of Defence) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MOD (Ministry of Defence) - Essay Example Moreover, dedicated biometric solutions facilitate to provide smooth secret financial transactions as well as personal data privacy. It has been viewed in the case study that Biometric Identification Verification (BIV) System was the initial UK biometric access control system that was deployed and designed especially for the military users. This particular system was mainly designed in order to deliver a high availability as well as reliable security solution (Business Reporter, 2011). The perception of a role based authentication is typically regarded as a system in which the users possess certain major roles that are allotted to them. The roles can demonstrate the capabilities as well as the limits of making any significant change and access various areas in the technological process (Choukse & Singh, 2011). One of the leading edge approaches to role based authentication is that it is correlated with information security that significantly aids in lessening the complexities of secu rity administration. The other leading edge approach of role based authentication is that it determines the risk exposure from the employees who access efficient Information Technology (IT) system. However, the idea of role based authentication has been currently criticised due to certain problems that have risen in constructing an initial role arrangement as well as owing to its inflexibility in quickly transforming domains (Kuhn, Coyne, & Weil, 2010). Spring Security is regarded as one of the alternative solutions that can be applicable to the context of using biometric solutions. It is principally viewed to be a greatly customisable authentication and a strong access-control framework (Mularien, 2010). Moreover, another alternative that can be pertinent within the background of using biometric solutions is Apache Shiro. This particular alternative has been observed to be an easy as well as a powerful security framework that significantly deals with cryptography, authorisation, se ssion management and authorisation functions (The Apache Software Foundation, 2012). In relation to determine the distinction between the two aforementioned alternatives i.e. Apache Shiro and Spring Security to rule-based authentication mechanism, it has been observed that the aforesaid alternatives are quite easy to learn, manage as well as deploy as compared to role based authentication (The Apache Software Foundation, 2012). Question b Computer security is incessantly becoming a crucial concern for all. In this regard, biometric solutions are playing an imperative part in providing utmost security as well as authenticity by validating the individuality of a person through various media such as fingerprints, facial features and hand geometry among others. Similarly, in this connection, PALM biometrics also plays a decisive role in increasing security along with authenticity by a significant extent. It can be affirmed that this particular system i.e. PALM vein system of biometrics is viewed to be a modern progression in the systems of biometric security (Lee, 2012). PALM biometrics performs its operational functions quite differently as compared to other biometric systems. It generally takes the digitalised image of the veins of the users and evaluates it with the templates that have been stored in a particular

Promoting Creativity for life Using Open-Ended Materials by walter F Essay

Promoting Creativity for life Using Open-Ended Materials by walter F. Drew and Baji Rankin - Essay Example The most vital of the creative arts is the teachers, families and the children who build up inner resources, making it potential, direct and a clear expression. The main aim of indulging in the creative arts is to pass the information, think critically, and have the mutual feeling that bonds the children with their teachers. The thoughts and feelings through locomotion and visual perceptions are elaborated through the procedure of playing and the creative arts that are formed. According to researches, children have spontaneous, creative self-expression which usually intensifies the sense of competence and the behavior that they portray as the mature to the adulthood stage. The passion of creative art formation is usually viewed as a playful behavior, where those involved have the willingness to collapse their daily rules and their effects. Play is based on the mind state, and it brings about the unexpected characters, the unlearned forms of free expression, the generation of association, which represent the distinct value of order and harmony, thus producing the sense of well being (Drew and Rankin 2004). Play and art formation, stimulate the acts of courage and is usually equal to the act of faith that caters for their belief outcomes. These are the actions require and builds resilience, advocacy, outcome and the capability to focus and act according to their intentions even of the outcome is usually renowned; when the children act to endure the uncertainty and the ambiguity that is usually supposed to enable them to pursue their immediate goals. These actions produce great sense of competence to the children, as they grow up to become reliable students. The children extend and deepen their comprehension through various experiences with the different materials used. This strategy is familiar to many early childhood t eachers, and it has been exhibited through the brain research, which implicates the